Only a few of the heros who survived 911. They were willing to give their lives so that humans may live..

During the chaos of the 9/11 attacks, where almost 3,000 people died, nearly 100 loyal search and rescue dogs and their brave owners scoured Ground Zero for survivors.

Now, ten years on, just 12 of these heroic canines survive, and they have been commemorated in a touching series of portraits entitled 'Retrieved'.

The dogs worked tirelessly to search for anyone trapped alive in the rubble, along with countless emergency service workers and members of the public.

Traveling across nine states in the U.S. from Texas to Maryland, Dutch photographer Charlotte Dumas, 34, captured the remaining dogs in their twilight years in their homes where they still live with their handlers, a full decade on from 9/11.

Their stories have now been compiled in a book, called Retrieved, which is published on Friday, the tenth anniversary of the attacks.

Noted for her touching portraits of animals, especially dogs, Charlotte wanted 'Retrieved' to mark not only the anniversary of the September 2001 attacks, but also as recognition for some of the first responders and their dogs.

Most of the search and rescue dogs are Labradors or Golden Retrievers and Charlotte feels that the title works across many aspects of the story.

'I found the dogs, I retrieved them, they were there to retrieve the victims, it is nicely rounded,' explained Charlotte whose work is being exhibited at the Julie Saul Gallery NYC opening on September 8, in time for the anniversary.

After working on a project about police canines and other working dogs, she was inspired to concentrate on the animals that played such a huge part in seeking survivors.

Contacting the NYPD, the New York Fire Department and the Federal Emergency Management Agency, Charlotte discovered that out of the nearly 100 dogs among the first responders deployed by FEMA, there were in fact only 15 still alive last year.

'Years later at a Remembrance Ceremony, the same fireman recognised Bretagne and her handler and they had a touching reunion.

'It developed that even though the dogs couldn't find people still alive, they could provide comfort for the brave firemen and rescue workers of the emergency services.'

Wishing to tell the other side of heroism from 9/11, each of Charlotte's encounters with dogs such as Gabriel and Orion and Scout stayed with her.

'The dogs are now old and they will soon pass away. Even during the time it has taken since my first work on the 'Retrieved' portraits to now, three of the final 15 have died,' said Charlotte.

'These portraits are about how time passes, and how these dogs and their portraits are offering us a way to deal with the things that happened as well as relying on them for comfort.'

38.9 billion in new spending cuts is really 354 million divided by the half the rate of growth for the next 5 years

By Associated Press

WASHINGTON — A new budget estimate released Wednesday shows that the spending bill negotiated between President Barack Obama and House Speaker John Boehner would produce less than 1 percent of the $38 billion in promised savings by the end of this budget year

The Congressional Budget Office estimate shows that compared with current spending rates the spending bill due for a House vote Thursday would cut federal outlays from non-war accounts by just $352 million through Sept. 30. About $8 billion in immediate cuts to domestic programs and foreign aid are offset by nearly equal increases in defense spending.

When war funding is factored in the legislation would actually increase total federal outlays by $3.3 billion relative to current levels.

To a fair degree, the lack of immediate budget-cutting punch is because the budget year is more than half over and that cuts in new spending authority typically are slow to register on deficit tallies. And Republicans promise that when fully implemented and repeated year after year, the cuts in the measure would reduce the deficit by $315 billion over the coming decade.

Still, the analysis is an early lesson about Washington budgeting for junior lawmakers elected last year on promises to swiftly attack the deficit.

At issue is a concept in budgeting that is often difficult to grasp. Appropriations bills like the pending measure give agencies the authority to spend taxpayers’ money. But such authority typically takes months or years to actually leave the federal Treasury, so cuts made in the middle of the budget year often have little immediate impact.

The budget deficit is projected at $1.6 trillion this year.

The House began preliminary debate on the spending bill Wednesday with it easily advancing over a procedural hurdle by a 241-179 vote. The measure is slated for House and Senate votes Thursday. A stopgap spending measure expires Friday at midnight.

The CBO study confirms that the measure trims $38 billion in new spending authority relative to current levels, but many of the cuts come in slow-spending accounts like water-and-sewer grants that don’t have an immediate deficit impact.

A separate CBO analysis provided to lawmakers but not released publicly says that $5.7 billion in savings claimed by cutting bonuses to states enrolling more children and reducing the amount of money available to subsidize health care cooperatives authorized under the new health care law won’t produce a dime of actual savings. CBO believes they are simply cuts to spending authority that is unlikely to be used anyway.

But those cuts to mandatory benefit programs, while producing no deficit savings, can be claimed under budget rules to pay for spending increases elsewhere in the legislation. All told, $17.8 billion in such savings is claimed but just a tiny portion of it would actually reduce the deficit.

But CBO does credit a move to eliminate year-round Pell Grants with generating more than $40 billion in deficit reduction over the coming decade from both mandatory and appropriated accounts, though just slightly less than $1 billion this year.

Still, the measure halts and begins to reverse large increases for domestic agency operating budgets that have been awarded during Obama’s first two years in office.

“With this bill we not only are arresting that growth but we are reducing actual discretionary spending by a record amount, nearly $40 billion in actual cuts in spending that has not ever been accomplished by this body in its history, in the history of the country,” said House Appropriations Committee Chairman Harold Rogers, R-Ky. “The cuts in this bill exceed anything ever passed by the House.”

Former Minnesota Gov. Tim Pawlenty, a likely 2012 presidential candidate, said the budget deal has less cuts than advertised. Democratic leaders forced the budget, he said, and “it should be rejected.”

Many Republicans say they wish the measure would cut more but that the cuts negotiated by Boehner are about as good as can be expected giver that Democrats hold the Senate and the White House. In his February budget, Obama pressed a freeze on domestic agency accounts.

“We continue to push this president to places he never said he would go,” said House GOP Whip Kevin McCarthy of California.

“The president said he would freeze spending. Our Speaker negotiated, outnumbered 3-1,” he said, referring to Boehner’s negotiations alone in the oval office with Obama, Vice President Joe Biden and Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid. “We have cut spending.”

This should scare you to the bone..House and Senate approve FY 2011 spending bill

The House on Thursday passed a bill reflecting last week's agreement to fund the federal government for the rest of fiscal 2011 by a 260-167 vote in which most Republicans supported it and most Democrats opposed it. The Senate approved the bill hours later by a 81-19 margin.

The White House released a statement from Press Secretary Jay Carney in reaction to the bill's passage.

"As the President said last week, we are pleased that Democrats and Republicans, on behalf of all Americans, were able to reach an agreement to avert a government shutdown by making significant spending cuts while still investing in our future," it reads. "Because of this deal, small businesses will continue to receive loans, families will continue to receive mortgages, and hundreds of thousands of government workers and our military personnel will get their paychecks on time."

Although President Obama helped broker the deal and it came with the support of Democratic leaders in Congress, 108 House Democrats voted against it, with 81 yes votes.

Fifty-nine Republicans voted against the measure, a sign that many conservatives are still disappointed that their leadership was not able to negotiate deeper spending cuts. That's also more than the 54 Republicans who voted against a three-week spending resolution in March over complaints that more dramatic spending reductions were not made.

Members on both sides praised the ability of Congress to come together on an agreement, and both Republicans and Democrats argued in favor of what they called a "flawed" deal.

House Speaker John Boehner (R-Ohio) agreed that few are happy with the deal, but said little else could be expected given the political split in Congress.

"Is it perfect? No. I'd be the first one to admit that it's flawed," Boehner said. "Well, welcome to divided government."

Boehner said he wishes more cuts could have been achieved, and hinted that more would be coming. "Does it cut enough? No. Do I wish it cut more? Absolutely. And do we need to cut more? Absolutely."

House Minority Whip Steny Hoyer (D-Md.) announced that he would vote for the resolution and called on his colleagues to do the same.

"We have a choice to make," Hoyer said. "That choice is whether we will come together, work together, try to make the best possible agreement that we can make and then move together. I think the American public expects us to do that."

This is what your goverment school is promoting..Obama's Office of Safe Schools czar Kevin Jennings. Obama's very,very close gay Friend..

By Bob Unruh
© 2011 WorldNetDaily

Editor's Note: Some of the links included in this story lead to documentation of this campaign that could include offensive images. Please exercise extreme caution.

A Facebook page set up to promote homosexuality to children through the "Day of Silence" organized by the Gay, Lesbian, Straight Education Network – which was founded by President Obama's Office of Safe Schools chief Kevin Jennings – has scrubbed its site of links to pornography after several Web-savvy organizations revealed the offending offerings.

Peter LaBarbera of Americans for Truth edited some of the images, placing blocks over strategic parts of the photographs, but they remained largely too revealing for inclusion in a news report.

Learn what a top shrink says is troubling leftists, in "The Liberal Mind: The Psychological Causes of Political Madness!"

The links from the Facebook page also were documented by Linda Harvey of Mission America and the Illinois Family Institute.

"If a conservative or religious group were as reckless as GLSEN in exposing impressionable children to hard-core perversion and pornography, needless to say they'd be out of business and drummed out of the pro-family movement," LaBarbera told WND.

"It is a testament to how the liberal media protects irresponsible 'gay' activists that GLSEN continues to have a huge influence with educators despite its documented record of corrupting children – by exposing them directly to the worst excesses of the homosexual-bisexual-transgender movement," he said.

Harvey explained to WND that she was tipped off by a parent in New York who saw that some of the links on the Facebook page promoting the pro-homosexual "Day of Silence," scheduled for Friday by activist organizations operating in public schools across the nation, linked to homosexual "hookup" websites.

Some of those sites contained images of fully nude individuals.

When the organizations started issuing alerts to their constituents, the links disappeared almost immediately, Harvey said.

"It's not at all a surprise. GLSEN has a long history of recommending age-inappropriate and frankly promiscuous homosexual activity at young age for kids," she said. "Then they cover it with a civil rights, social justice and safe school veneer."

Harvey's alert said, "This offensive page linked from the Day of Silence website page, also sponsored by GLSEN, the Gay, Lesbian and Straight Education Network, which indeed has a lot to hide. But thankfully, some technologically savvy pro-family warriors captured the original page in anticipation of this move."

LaBarbera said the linked websites such as "nexgay" featured nudity, personal ads expressing interest in dangerous homosexual practices including anal sodomy, "rimming" and "various sadistic sex fetishes popular in the homosexual male subculture."

GLSEN officials declined to respond to WND inquiries about the links and their removal.

"The GLSEN 'Gay-Straight Alliances' Faebook page was also linked to a 'Gay Trip Thailand' Facebook page with shirtless Thai males – luring men to that notorious sex-tourism destination – as well as a movie about two male lovers that is sponsored by a leading 'gay' pornography video distributor," LaBarbera reported.

"The pornographic links evidently remained posted on the GLSEN-sponsored Facebook page for weeks," he continued. At least one 'photo' ad for the homosexual male hookup site 'nexgay' had been posted on the GLSEN Facebook page since at least January 15, 20011, based on a favorable comment responding to the ad and posted on the GLSEN site that date."

"One of the main ways it does that is through 'Gay-Straight Alliances,' which are de facto pro-homosexual booster clubs and which now exist in thousands of high schools and colleges across the United States."


Obama's Office of Safe Schools czar Kevin Jennings

Now those organizations are being expanded to middle schools, he noted. For example, a San Francisco school district flier on the issue said, "Each year more and more middle school students are coming out: they and their friends need a safe place to share their experiences and ask questions. In all likelihood, there are also students who have parents or family members who are LGBT."

He also noted the situation represents GLSEN's typical efforts in schools and cited previous incidents in which GLSEN was involved, including the Boston "Fistgate" episode in which teens at a sponsored conference were "guided in a 'how-to' discussion … about the grotesque and dangerous sexual-sadistic practice of 'fisting.'"

LaBarbera also cited the GLSEN conference in 2000 in which organizers handed out guides for homosexual bathhouses, "gay" bars and homosexual phone lines.

The organization also is famous for recommending a reading list of books for high schoolers that "include many with overtly sexual themes including one (Rainbow Boys) featuring a sexual encounter between a 17-year-old boy and 29-year-old man he met on the Internet," according to LaBarbera.

Jennings also became the subject of widespread controversy when reports detailed how, as a teacher at a Boston school, Jennings allegedly failed to report to authorities when one of his underage male students confessed he had been seduced by a homosexual man.

In was in the middle of 2009 when WND broke the news of Jennings' federal appointment to oversee "safety" in the nation's public schools after he had boasted of using the same theme to promote homosexuality and other alternative sexual lifestyles to students.

WND reported how Jennings founded the Gay, Lesbian, Straight Education Network, on his influence over a conference for teachers and children that included instruction in various homosexual acts such as "fisting," multiple efforts at the congressional level to have him removed, his responsiveness when a porn publisher asked for his help in writing a book, his financial sponsorship of radical homosexual art and his membership in the sometimes-violent radical Act Up homosexual organization.

The sexually graphic books the Jennings-founded GLSEN recommends for children also have been the subject of reports.

Mass Resistance, a Massachusetts organization that works to counteract the advance of homosexual activism, has investigated Jennings' background and activities and has described how GLSEN has played a key role in plans to "transgendered" schools in Maine.

At the Washington Times, a series of editorials addressed worries over Jennings' influence on children.

"Teaching children sexual techniques is simply not appropriate. Unfortunately, it is part of a consistent pattern by some homosexual activists to promote underage homosexuality while pretending that their mission is simply to promote tolerance for so-called alternative lifestyles," the newspaper said.

"It is outrageous that someone involved in this scandal is being paid by the taxpayers to serve in a high-powered position at the Education Department, of all places. At some point, [Education Secretary Arne] Duncan, Mr. Jennings, Obama administration spokesmen and the president himself are going to have to start answering questions about all this. Refusing to do so won't make the issue go away."

Now those organizations are being expanded to middle schools, he noted. For example, a San Francisco school district flier on the issue said, "Each year more and more middle school students are coming out: they and their friends need a safe place to share their experiences and ask questions. In all likelihood, there are also students who have parents or family members who are LGBT."

He also noted the situation represents GLSEN's typical efforts in schools and cited previous incidents in which GLSEN was involved, including the Boston "Fistgate" episode in which teens at a sponsored conference were "guided in a 'how-to' discussion … about the grotesque and dangerous sexual-sadistic practice of 'fisting.'"

LaBarbera also cited the GLSEN conference in 2000 in which organizers handed out guides for homosexual bathhouses, "gay" bars and homosexual phone lines.

The organization also is famous for recommending a reading list of books for high schoolers that "include many with overtly sexual themes including one (Rainbow Boys) featuring a sexual encounter between a 17-year-old boy and 29-year-old man he met on the Internet," according to LaBarbera.

Jennings also became the subject of widespread controversy when reports detailed how, as a teacher at a Boston school, Jennings allegedly failed to report to authorities when one of his underage male students confessed he had been seduced by a homosexual man.

In was in the middle of 2009 when WND broke the news of Jennings' federal appointment to oversee "safety" in the nation's public schools after he had boasted of using the same theme to promote homosexuality and other alternative sexual lifestyles to students.

WND reported how Jennings founded the Gay, Lesbian, Straight Education Network, on his influence over a conference for teachers and children that included instruction in various homosexual acts such as "fisting," multiple efforts at the congressional level to have him removed, his responsiveness when a porn publisher asked for his help in writing a book, his financial sponsorship of radical homosexual art and his membership in the sometimes-violent radical Act Up homosexual organization.

The sexually graphic books the Jennings-founded GLSEN recommends for children also have been the subject of reports.

Mass Resistance, a Massachusetts organization that works to counteract the advance of homosexual activism, has investigated Jennings' background and activities and has described how GLSEN has played a key role in plans to "transgenderize" schools in Maine.

At the Washington Times, a series of editorials addressed worries over Jennings' influence on children.

"Teaching children sexual techniques is simply not appropriate. Unfortunately, it is part of a consistent pattern by some homosexual activists to promote underage homosexuality while pretending that their mission is simply to promote tolerance for so-called alternative lifestyles," the newspaper said.

"It is outrageous that someone involved in this scandal is being paid by the taxpayers to serve in a high-powered position at the Education Department, of all places. At some point, [Education Secretary Arne] Duncan, Mr. Jennings, Obama administration spokesmen and the president himself are going to have to start answering questions about all this. Refusing to do so won't make the issue go away."

Read more: Facebook kids campaign links to 'full frontal nudity' http://www.wnd.com/?pageId=286657#ixzz1JXwJXm3RKevin

What would Hitler have done with Nukes.. We are about to find..

TEHRAN, Iran -- Iran's foreign minister has confirmed claims by an exiled Iranian opposition group that a factory west of Tehran is manufacturing centrifuge parts.

Ali Akbar Salehi, quoted by the state news agency IRNA, says the facility is no secret and that many other facilities in the country are involved in manufacturing parts for Iran's nuclear program.

Iran has long said it produces centrifuges, which are used to enrich uranium, a process that the U.N. has demanded Tehran halt.

Two days earlier, the exile Mujahedeen-e Khalq group said its spies identified the factory, called the TABA facility.

Iran says it is building a civilian nuclear power program, but the U.S. and its allies suspect it seeks the capacity to build nuclear bombs.

Boycott The Corporate Cair Islam loveing cowards at Marriott

Brigitte Gabriel was good enough to share the latest act of dissimilitude by an American company by capitulating and accommodating CAIR but refusing to serve those of us fighting for America. If the Marriott Corporation wants to operate in America, make money in America, be free to pursue their profits in America, enjoy the freedom of America - then don't stand in the way of the very people putting their asses on the line to make that happen.

Ass kissing, terror loving, America hating Marriott - banish them to France!


Brigitte is one of the Keynote speakers at People's Truth Forum anti terrorism conference along with her colleagues Dr. Harvey Kushner, Robert Spencer and Laura Mansfield.
Sleeping with the enemy at the Marriott, Worldnetdaily.com

The Georgetown Marriott Conference Center rejected a "terrorism" symposium on Marriott 2 the grounds that the sponsoring organization was too controversial and the venue inappropriate for this type of forum. Concurrently, another Marriott Hotel in the Washington area is hosting the Council on American- Islamic Relations' annual conference ・and participating as a panelist at the gala will be an alleged co conspirator of the 1993 World Trade Center bombing.


According to the Georgetown Marriott executives, the decision to reject the event, being hosted by the People's Truth Forum, or PTF, was based upon business considerations: "The event would call for heightened security since protesters might be attracted from both the student body and off campus. These same protesters might block the front entrance leading to confrontations with hotel guests and/or room cancellations." COWARDS!

After researching the matter, the Marriott's corporate office supported the local decision and issued the following statement: <>"Due to the high density of Muslim students on campus, we're afraid of the potential for violent protests, injured employees and damage to the facility."
According to PTF's president, Jeffrey Epstein, "The People's Truth Forum, a fact-based, non-partisan organization, is dedicated to educating Americans on topics of national security. Controversy and resistance is nothing new to us given our commitment to disseminating 'unpopular' truths."

Epstein added: "Although I don't harbor ill feelings toward the Marriott Corporation for their weak-kneed 'business' decision pertaining to the Georgetown property, I am deeply troubled by the realization that a major American corporation could fear reprisal from enemy sympathizers, within our borders, during a time of war. This situation certainly begs the question as to what degree our national security has already been compromised."

He may not harbor ill feelings but as an American engaged in a world war I surely do - Atlas
Today, CAIR will host its 11th Annual Banquet at the Crystal Gateway Marriott in Arlington, Va. CAIR is a self-proclaimed Muslim advocacy group that has its roots in the Palestinian Hamas. CAIR's parent organization, the Islamic Association for Palestine, was founded by Hamas leader Mousa Abu Marzook. CAIR, itself, has had numerous individuals convicted in and/or deported by the United States for terrorist activity. And CAIR is the defendant in a lawsuit put forward by the family of a lead FBI agent for that agent's murder during the September 11 attacks.

CAIR has advertised on its website that it will be featuring Siraj Wahhaj as one of the speakers at the banquet. Wahhaj, an imam at the At-Taqwa Mosque in Brooklyn, N.Y., is known for having his name on the U.S. attorney's list of potential coconspirators of the 1993 bombing of the World Trade Center. Two of the individuals convicted in the bomb plot, Omar Abdel Rahman (the leader of the conspiracy) and Clement Rodney Hampton-El (an expert bomb maker), worshipped at Wahhaj's mosque. Wahhaj was also a character witness for Abdel Rahman at the 1995 trial against him.

What does this say about our current state of affairs, when one of the largest American corporations is willing to silence an ally and give voice to the enemy? It says that we, as a nation, are on a dangerous path that only starts with appeasement, yet ends in our destruction. If the Marriott is a test case for the future consciousness of America, then we can be assured that we will have no future.


Give the people at the specific hotel grief as well, so they can report the feedback to corporate HQ second-hand.

Here's a good email address to send your opinions to: investorrelations@marriott.com

Want to drive Marriott into corporate insanity? Just claim that they're being RACIST for implying that Muslims are more violent than other groups.

Send those emails. Act like a liberal or a Muslim. Say you are outraged that Marriott thinks Muslims are violent and bases their policy on their racist attitudes.

Marriott's public relations department will have a serious epidemic of Exploding Head Syndrome.

General Corporate information;

Marriott International, Inc., (NYSE:MAR) is a leading worldwide hospitality company with nearly 2,700 operating units in the United States and 65 other countries and territories.

Marriott Lodging operates and franchises hotels under the following brands:

Marriott Hotels & Resorts
JW Marriott Hotels & Resorts
Renaissance Hotels & Resorts
Courtyard by Marriott
Residence Inn by Marriott
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Marriott Conference Centers
TownePlace Suites by Marriott
SpringHill Suites by Marriott
Marriott Vacation Club International
Horizons by Marriott
The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company, L.L.C.
The Ritz-Carlton Club
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Soros economic symposium... We Are The World

Long-term and worsening unemployment, economic stagnation, labor revolt and a state of siege.

Those are just some of the descriptions of one country that received the kind of economic "shock therapy" crafted by Columbia professor Jeffrey Sachs, who sits on the board of an organization literally seeking to reorganize the entire global economic system.

That group is the Institute for New Economic Thinking, or INET.

Philanthropist George Soros is INET's founding sponsor, with the billionaire having provided a reported $25 million over five years to support INET activities.

This Friday, INET starts its four-day economic symposium in the mountains of Bretton Woods, N.H.

Get "The Fall Of America And The Western World," featuring more than eight hours of exclusive interviews with top experts offering their perspectives on why America and the Western World are headed for collapse.

The gathering of economic giants will take place at Mount Washington Hotel, famous for hosting the original Bretton Woods economic agreements drafted in 1944. That conference's goal was to rebuild a post-World War II international monetary system. The April gathering has a similar goal in mind – a global economic restructuring.

Reporting on last year's event, the Business Insider related, "George Soros has brought together a crack team of the world's top economists and financial thinkers."

"Its aim," continued the business newspaper, "to remake the world's economy as they see fit."

More than two-thirds of the slated speakers at this year's conference have direct ties to Soros.

One of the keynotes is Sachs, who sits in INET's advisory council.

Sachs, a special adviser to U.N. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon, is founder and co-president of the Soros-funded Millennium Promise Alliance, a nonprofit organization that says it is dedicated to ending extreme poverty and hunger.

Global taxes

With $50 million in capital from Soros, Millennium promotes a global economy while urging cooperation and investment from international banks and the United Nations Development Program.

The group helped to found the United Nations Millennium Development Goal, a move that was advanced by Sachs. He served as director from 2002 to 2006.

The UN Millennium Development Goal has demanded the imposition of international taxes as part of a stated effort of "eradicating extreme poverty, reducing child mortality rates, fighting disease epidemics such as AIDS, and developing a global partnership for development."

Investor's Business Daily reported the Millennium goal called for a "currency transfer tax," a "tax on the rental value of land and natural resources," a "royalty on worldwide fossil energy projection — oil, natural gas, coal," "fees for the commercial use of the oceans, fees for airplane use of the skies, fees for use of the electromagnetic spectrum, fees on foreign exchange transactions, and a tax on the carbon content of fuels."

Indeed, last September, a group of 60 nations, including France, Britain and Japan, propose at the U.N. summit on the Millennium Development Goals that a tax be introduced on international currency transactions to raise funds for development aid.

The proposed 0.005 percent tax on currency transactions would raise as much as $35 billion a year in development aid, claimed the proponents.

'Shock therapy'

Sachs, meanwhile, is a renowned international economist best known for his work as an economic adviser to governments in Latin America, Eastern Europe, and the former Soviet Union.

He direct's Columbia's Earth Institute, which promotes the theory of global warming.

Sachs has been a World Bank consultant who formerly directed Harvard's Institute for International Development, which he turned into a major conduit advocating for World Bank and International Monetary Funds use for structural adjustment programs in the Third World and beyond.

Sachs is engineer of a "shock treatment" economic doctrine that he has applied to other countries, most notably Bolivia and Poland. In both countries, critics charge, Sach's doctrine led to economic failure.

In 1985, Bolivia was plagued by hyperinflation and was unable to pay back its debt to the International Monetary Fund.

Sachs drew up an extensive plan for Bolivia, later known as "shock therapy," to drastically cut inflation by scrapping all subsidies, price controls, restrictions on exports, imports and private business activity.

He also called for the linking of the Bolivian economy with a more global currency, at the time the U.S. dollar.

Sachs acknowledged that a sudden shift to a market economy would initially result in huge price rises, especially in food and energy. But he has argued prices would level off as new supplies reached the market in response to the rises.

In Bolivia, the Sachs plan did beat inflation, but the price was continuing high unemployment, economic stagnation, labor revolt, a state of siege and a deepening involvement in the international drug market, reports noted.

To beat the hyperinflation under Sach's plan, Bolivia ensured a large number of workers were laid off while others' salaries were slashed, leading to widespread workers strikes.

The Bolivian government imposed a state of siege in response to a wave of strikes.

Sachs attempted a similar plan in Poland in the late 1980s, including the full convertibility of the zloty, the Polish currency, to U.S. dollars, and immediate suspension of debt repayment.

Another plan was deployed in Argentina, which has been plagued by an economic meltdown.

Looking back at Sach's effect on Poland, Jon Wiener, writing in The Nation in June 1990, charged, "Before Sachs, Poland had a problem of shortages. As soon as food and other basic goods showed up in the stores, people bought them at low, subsidized prices, so the shelves were usually empty.

"Now the shelves are full, which would seem to be evidence of prosperity. But says Marta Pretrusewicz, a Polish historian teaching at Princeton University, 'shortages don't exist anymore because prices are so outrageous people can't buy anything.'"